A relationship between various accounting figures, which are connected with each other, expressed in mathematical terms, is called accounting ratios.

According to Kennedy and Macmillan, "The relationship of one item to another expressed in simple mathematical form is known as ratio."

Robert Anthony defines a ratio as – "simply one number expressed in terms of another."

Accounting ratios are very useful as they briefly summarise the result of detailed and complicated computations. Absolute figures are useful but they do not convey much meaning. In terms of accounting ratios, comparison of these related figures makes them meaningful. For example, profit shown by two-business concern is Rs. 50,000 and Rs. 1,00,000. It is difficult to say which business concern is more efficient unless figures of capital investment or sales are also available.

Analysis and interpretation of various accounting ratio gives a better understanding of the financial condition and performance of a business concern.