Intelligent Systems by Universal Teacher Publications

Structured Knowledge: Graphs, Frames, and Related Structures

Frame Structures & Scripts

Q. Briefly explain the main differences between scripts and frame structures. (Dec. 02)

Ans. Frames are general record-like structures which consist of a collection of slots and slot values. The slots may be of any size and type. Slots typically have names and values or sub fields called facets. Facets may also have names and any number of values. An example of a simple frame called henry is given below:

(henry
(ako (value man))
(height (value 75))
(weight (value 170))
(hobbies (value jogging skiing)))

Scripts are used to represent sequences of commonly occurring events. They were originally developed to capture the meanings of stories or to understand natural text. In that respect they are like a script for a play. The following example shows the eat-at-restaurant script:

Props: (restaurant, money, food, menu, tables, chairs)
Roles: (hungry-persons, waiters, chefs)
Point-of-view: hungry-persons
Time-of-occurrence: (times-of-operation of restaurant)
Place-of-occurrence: (location of restaurant)
Event-sequence:
first: enter-restaurant script
then: If (wait-to-be-seated sign or reservation) Then please-be-seated script
then: order-food script
then: eat-food script
then: pay-bill script
finally: leave-restaurant script

Q. Represent the following as a frame:

1. Mohan is a lecturer of Computer Science at Delhi University. The names of his wife and two children are respectively Geeta, Monu and Sonu. (Dec. 98)

(Mohan
(PROFESSION (VALUE lecturer))
(DEPARTMENT (VALUE computer-science))
(ORGANIZATION (VALUE delhi-university))
(WIFE (VALUE geeta))
(CHILDREN (VALUE monu sonu)))

2. Create an instantiated person frame for an individual MOHAN, who is 40 year old professor of Computer Science at JNU and lives in Hauz Khas, New deli with his wife KAMALA and three children Tinu, Monu, and Sonu. (June 99)

(Mohan
(PROFESSION (VALUE lecturer))
(AGE (VALUE 40))
(DEPARTMENT (VALUE computer-science))
(ORGANIZATION (VALUE JNU))
(WIFE (VALUE kamala))
(CHILDREN (VALUE tinu monu sonu))
(ADDRESS (AREA (VALUE hauz-khas))
(CITY (VALUE new-delhi))))

3. Naseem Ajmal is a 42 year old professor who lives with his wife Bano and two children Akhtar and Roshnana in 175 Hauz Khas, New Delhi - 110016 (Dec. 00)

(naseem-ajmal
(PROFESSION (VALUE professor))
(AGE (VALUE 42))
(WIFE (VALUE bano))
(CHILDREN (VALUE akhtar roshnara))
(ADDRESS (STREET (VALUE 175 hauz-khas))
(CITY (VALUE new-delhi))
(ZIP (VALUE 110016))))

4. Mohan has a red Maruti Car of 1986 model. It has 4 doors, weighs 125 kgs. Its mileage at any time may be computed by a procedure 'find-mileage' (June 01)

(maruti
(AKO (VALUE car))
(COLOR (VALUE red))
(OWNER (VALUE mohan))
(MODEL (VALUE 1986 4-doors))
(WEIGHT (VALUE 125))
(MILEAGE (DEFAULT find-mileage)))

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